Maximum allowable pressure and temperature ratings for petroleum refinery piping and chemical plant piping systems grade B with plane ends to ANSI/ASME B31.3 Process Piping Maximum Allowable Pressure (Kpa) Nominal Size (mm) Schedule no. Wall Thickness (mm) Temperature (oC) -29 - 38 205 260 350 370 400 4301) 450 Maximum Allowable Stress (kPa) 137800 137800 130221 117130 115752 89570 74412 59943 15 STD 40
Tempering is the process of reheating the steel leading to precipitation and spheroidisation of the carbides. The tempering temperature and time are generally controlled to effect the final properties required of the steel. The benefits resulting are the increase in the metal toughness and elongation. The negative effects are the reduction of the martensite (BCT) structure and the progression towards
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